MT Calculate BER After Trigger (Fibonacci PN Sequence)

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Updated2023-02-17
7 minute(s) read

Calculates the average bit error rate (BER) against a Fibonacci PN sequence. The sequence must be the same as the PN sequence generated by MT Generate Bits (Fibonacci, PN Order) with a matching PN order.

On the first call of this node, or whenever reset? is TRUE, the node steps through each set of N + 1 bits in the input sequence to generate a seed for the PN bit sequence. Subsequent input bits are compared to this PN bit sequence. When the BER on the subsequent input bits is below the specified threshold with the specified confidence, the node begins reporting the BER. BER calculation begins on the bit following the set of N + 1 bits in which the trigger is found. All subsequent iterations of the node use a continuation of the same PN sequence until reset? is set to TRUE.

Inputs/Outputs

input bit stream

The bit sequence over which BER is calculated. This bit stream must include only data bits of the PN sequence.

Note To avoid faulty triggering caused by synchronization and/or guard bits, NI recommends that the input bit stream be a phase-continuous PN sequence such as the sequence generated by MT Generate Bits.

PN sequence order

The order of the transmitted PN bit sequence. This parameter must match the PN sequence order of the bits transmitted to the device under test. Valid values are 5 to 31, inclusive.

Default value: 9

BER trigger threshold

The BER threshold that must not be exceeded for the trigger found? decision. This value determines when the BER measurement begins; bits before this value and seed bits are not included in the BER measurement. Valid values are 0.0 to 1.0, inclusive.

Note The number of bits examined for the pretrigger BER which is used for comparison to the BER trigger threshold, is determined by the specified confidence and BER trigger threshold values. The following images show the range of required input lengths for a confidence input in the range [0.5,0.99] and a BER trigger threshold input in the range [0.1,0.5].

Default value: 0.1

confidence

Level of confidence that the actual BER of the bits following a trigger will be below the specified BER trigger threshold. Values between 0.0 and 1.0 represent proportional confidence.

Tip Specify a value of -1 to set the minimum number of bits required for a trigger to the length of the specified reference bit pattern. This option is useful when the input bit stream is very short.

Note The specified confidence can only be reached after processing a minimum number of bits in the input bit stream. This parameter indirectly specifies the minimum input bit stream length in which a trigger can occur. Specify a confidence value of -1 to allow triggering on input bit stream lengths equal to 3 × (PN sequence order).

Default value: 0.95

error in

Error conditions that occur before this node runs.

The node responds to this input according to standard error behavior.

Standard Error Behavior

Default value: No error

reset?

A Boolean that determines whether the node continues bit error rate calculations from a previous iteration.

TRUE	Resets the trigger and the accumulated BER measurement.
FALSE	Maintains the previous synchronization and does not clear the existing accumulated BER value.

Default value: TRUE

BER

The measured BER as the ratio of erroneous bits to the bits following a trigger in the current input bit stream.

The number of bits considered for this measurement depends on the conditions shown in the following table.


Conditions	BER Output
reset? set to TRUE or first call, and trigger not detected in the current input bit stream	1.0
reset? set to FALSE, and trigger not detected in the current input bit stream, or trigger not detected in previous calls to the same instance of this node	1.0
reset? set to TRUE or first call, and trigger detected in the current input bit stream	BER calculation based on the length of bits following the set of N + 1 bits in which the trigger was detected, where N is the specified PN sequence order
reset? set to FALSE, and trigger detected in previous calls to the same instance of this node	BER calculation based on the length of the input bit stream

accumulated BER

The measured bit error rate as the ratio of erroneous bits to bits following a trigger.

The number of bits considered for this measurement depends on the conditions shown in the following table.


Scenario	Conditions	BER Output
1.	reset? set to TRUE or first call, and trigger not detected in the current input bit stream	1.0
2.	reset? set to FALSE, and trigger not detected in the current input bit stream, or trigger not detected in previous calls to the same instance of this node	1.0
3.	reset? set to TRUE or first call, and trigger detected in the current input bit stream	BER calculation based on the length of bits following the set of N + 1 bits in which the trigger was detected, where N is the specified PN sequence order
4.	reset? set to FALSE, and trigger detected in previous calls to the same instance of this node	Accumulated BER calculation based on the length of the input bit stream

trigger found?

A Boolean that indicates whether the node found a trigger.

When trigger found? is TRUE, the trigger was found in the input bit stream. When trigger found? is FALSE, the trigger was found in the current or a previous input bit stream.

trigger found index

The index value of the first bit where the bit pattern matched the specified PN sequence.

This index value indicates the number of bits since the last reset that are not PN data. For example, if the transmitter is off for 30 bits, this parameter returns 30.

error out

Error information.

The node produces this output according to standard error behavior.

Standard Error Behavior

Minimum Number of Input Bits

The minimum number of input bits required to return a meaningful BER value is given by

{N_{\min} = int (\frac{\sqrt{y \times t h r e s h o l d \times (1 - t h r e s h o l d) + 120 \times t h r e s h o l d} + \sqrt{y \times t h r e s h o l d \times (1 - t h r e s h o l d)}}{2 \times t h r e s h o l d})}^{2}

{N_{\min} = int (\frac{\sqrt{y \times t h r e s h o l d \times (1 - t h r e s h o l d) + 120 \times t h r e s h o l d} + \sqrt{y \times t h r e s h o l d \times (1 - t h r e s h o l d)}}{2 \times t h r e s h o l d})}^{2}

where

y is defined such that confidence=P(x≤y)

x is a zero-mean, unit-variance Gaussian variate

P(x≤y) denotes the probability that the variable x takes a value that is less than or equal to y.

Unit Under Test Synchronization

The BER trigger threshold input triggers this node, meaning that the node only reports BER on bits after a match is found. Hence, you do not need to synchronize your transmitter with your unit under test (UUT)—the test can begin before transmission begins.

LabVIEW Modulation Toolkit

Table of Contents

MT Calculate BER After Trigger (Fibonacci PN Sequence)

Inputs/Outputs

input bit stream

PN sequence order

BER trigger threshold

confidence

error in

reset?

BER

accumulated BER

trigger found?

trigger found index

error out

Minimum Number of Input Bits

Unit Under Test Synchronization

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