Overview of Vector Network Analyzers

Network analyzers are powerful instruments that, when properly used, provide unparalleled measurement accuracy. Network analyzers are useful in a number of applications and industries, including measuring linear characteristics of radio frequency (RF) components and devices. You can also use modern network analyzers in applications such as signal integrity and materials measurement.

You can use a vector network analyzer (VNA) to measure magnitude, phase, and impedance as seen at the terminals of a network. A VNA compares the incident signal that leaves the analyzer with either the signal transmitted through the device under test (DUT) or the signal that is reflected from its input. A network analyzer is a calibrated closed stimulus-response system, so you can measure RF characteristics with exceptional precision.

The ability to precisely measure magnitude and phase parameters drives the need for exceptional measurement practices to ensure that significant errors do not enter the measurement. While a small error may be inconsequential in contrast to the measurement uncertainty of some RF instruments, it can be substantial with a precise instrument such as a network analyzer.